ONE
PROPAGANDA TECHNIQUES:
Tell The Truth (actually the best of the lot if you genuinly know your subject and have done your home work)
Lie ( a gamble this one if you get caught out you loose crediblity on the plus side it not as hard work as doing your home work)
Lie By Omission and Half-Truths (12 steps are proven to be the best at suporting abstinance, dont mention it kills 1 in ten )
Lie With Qualifiers (Rarely have we seen a person fail who thourouly folowed our path , my path is dont fail)
Lie With Statistics (99% of all herion addicts drank full fat milk at school prooving the link between milk and addiction)
Observational Selection (decide what you want to proove then collect only the evidence that supports it ignore everything else)
The Big Lie (that only god can cure your addiction there are many methods that work )
Reversal Of Reality (methadone kills people when it saves lives)
Make a Virtue out of a Fault ( no one has ever lodged a single complaint in any 12 step group , they have no complaints proceedure)
Unsupported Claims (havent done your home work then make up ahy old rubbish to suport your view)
Imaginary Evidence (as above make it up on the spot including the soursce most wont take the time to check)
Use Association (name drop mention all the groups your in charge your experience to justify that your right by association)
The Glittering Generality (allude to the perfect one size fits all treatment regime, all adddicts are lasy lieing work shy theives)
Exaggerate ( a major study concluded that this works on the twelve people we talked to)
Confusion of Correlation and Causation (of 10000 people who died 99% ate bananas if you eat bannanas for long enough they will kill you)
Hypnotic Bait and Switch ( leading questions setting you up for an ambush)
The Either/Or Technique -- Bifurcation -- the Excluded Middle ( it got to be harm reduction or abstinance no variables)
False Dichotomy
The Enemy Of My Enemy Is My Friend ( while 12 steppers and harm reduction organisation both want to stop the damage of adddiction it does not mean that either of them has the others best interests at heart)
"Hobson's Choice" or Alternative Advance (we have the only answer my way or die)
Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc -- "It happened after 'X', so it was caused by 'X'"
The Norm of Reciprocity
Guilt Induction
Play On Emotions, Appeal To Emotions
Ad Hominem, Launch Personal Attacks On Opponents
Engage in Name Calling
De-legitimize One's Opponent ( hes not a professional what does he know)
Apply Labels ( addicts junkies getting clean as oposed to being unclean)
Stroking Ploys ( ego enflation to get people to agree with you )
Blame A Scapegoat ( 12 steppers are the soursce of all evil harm redution mangers stop people getting well)
Blame A Non-Factor (back to the deadly bananas again)
Claim That There Is A Panacea ( rarely have we seen a person fail even with sucess rates less than 10% )
Flattery 9 more ego inflation to persude)
Proof by Anecdote ( in my experience does not equte to evidence)
Double-Talk
Unprovable Statements
Undisprovable Statements
The Language Trap ( semantics the tool of the psudo intelect argue over the minutea and ignore the substance if it suits)
Vague, Undefined, Grandiose Language ( addiction is a psudo psycosocial genetically based malady requiring a sinergetic non judgemental aproach facilitating enoursmouse phycic spiritually based sucessful aproach)
Loaded Language, Euphemisms, and Redefined Words
Use Self-Referential Definitions -- Define Something In Terms Of Itself
Deception Via Mislabeling or Misnaming Things
Misuse Words
Moving The Goalposts
Sliding Adjectives
Vague Adjectives
Pseudo-intellectual Bull
Confuse With Technicalese
Simplistic Slogans
Wrap Yourself In A Higher Power
Repeat Old Memes
Everybody's Doing It, Everybody Knows, and Everybody Says
Pomp, Ceremony, and Ritual
Humor and Ridicule
Assume The Major Premise
Petitio Principii, Assume Facts Not In Evidence
Hidden Assumptions
Assume Futures or Future Results
Fallacy of Presupposition
Affirmation of the Consequent
Irrelevant Conclusion (Ignoratio Elenchi)
Confusion of Beliefs with Facts
Circular Reasoning (Circulus in Demonstrando)
Appeal to Evil
Appeal to Higher Principles
Appeal to Authorities (Argumentum ad Verecundiam)
Appeal to Force (Argumentum ad Baculum)
Appeal to the People (Argumentum ad Populum)
Appeal to Numbers (Argumentum ad Numerum)
Dismiss by Numbers
Appeal to Antiquity (Argumentum ad Antiquitatem)
Appeal to Novelty -- Newness (Argumentum ad Novitatem)
Appeal to the Exotic
Appeal to Tradition
Appeal to Poverty (Argumentum ad Lazarum)
Appeal to Wealth (Argumentum ad Crumenam)
Appeal to Common Folk
Appeal To Stupidity
Appeal to Desperation
Appeal to Pity Ad Misericordiam
Exploit Wishful Thinking
It's Too Terrible To Tell
Argue from Adverse Consequences
Argue from Beneficial Consequences
Apply Time Pressure
The Real Scotsman Fallacy
Inconsistency
Compare Apples To Oranges
Special Pleading
Self-Sell
Repetition for Emphasis (Argumentum ad Nauseam)
Reification
Take Undeserved Credit
Create A Granfalloon
Spin Doctoring
The Semi-Attached Figure
Use Exact Numbers
Avoid Specific Numbers
Hide Behind Others
The Preacher's We
Put Words Into Other People's Mouths
Tokenism
Testimonials and Stories
The Fallacy of One Similarity
The Fallacy of One Dissimilarity
If It Looks Like X, Then It Is X.
It Ought To Be True, So It Is.
A Distinction Without A Difference.
Sly Suggestions
Misleading Inference
Unsubstantiated Inference and Groundless Claims
Introduce Irrelevant Information as Supporting Evidence
Substitute Feelings For Facts
False Analogy
False Equality
Double Bind
Project Future From Past
False Analysis Of History
It's Never Happened Before
Argue Inevitability
Pollyanna's Ploy -- Unbridled Optimism
Chicken Little's Pessimism
Generalize
Sweeping Generality
Take Quotes Out Of Context
Argue from Ignorance (Argumentum ad Ignorantiam)
Begging The Question
Meaningless Question
Blame The Victim
Claim to Have Special or Secret Knowledge
Bad Math
Use the Passive Voice
Use Slanted Language
Use Inflamatory Language
DEBATING TECHNIQUES:
Refute By Example
Refute By Exposing Contradiction
Minimization and Denial
Instant Denial
Understatement
Admit a Small Fault to Cover a Big Denial
False Comparison
Give a Non-reason Reason
Divert Attention -- Change the Subject
The Positive Accomplishments Sidestep
The Story Sourcing Distraction
The Drama Queen
The Personal Loyalty Red Herring
Deflect Criticism and Blame By Deligitimizing It
Answer A Question That Was Not Asked (To Avoid Answering One That Was Asked)
Answer a Question With A Question
Surfeit of Questions (Plurium Interrogationum)
Monopolizing the Question (Hypophora)
Obfuscate
Attack Without Appearing To Attack By Using Paralipsis or Apophasis)
Sarcasm, Condescension, and Patronizing Attitudes
Damn with Faint Praise
Reductio Ad Absurdum
Rationalize
Exchange A Term
Frame The Argument
Argue with Unrealistic Hypothetical Situations
Misrepresent Your Opponent's Position, or Mischaracterize Your Opponent, or Mischaracterize His Statements or Questions
Nit-Pick and Split Hairs
Quibble
Hit And Run
Hifalutin' Denunciations
Make Unreasonable Demands
Make False Demands
Shift the Burden of Proof Onto Your Opponent
Demand an Uneven Burden of Proof
Demand Uneven Standards of Acceptance
Specious Argument
Spurious Agreement
Escape via Ignorance
Escape to the Future
Escape via Relativism
Escape via Irrationality
Pack the House
Embarrass Your Opponent
Obtuseness -- Refuse to See the Point
Laugh It Off
Dominate the Conversation, Talk Non-Stop, and Interrupt Constantly
Escape via Bullying and Intimidation
the purpose of this list is two fold when dealing with political issues you wil come across all of these and the more aware you are the less efect they will have , the second is to remind my self as an addict i am an acomplished manipulator and have been using these tricks for along time but i believe they have no place in dicussions amongst people who are generally looking for solutions and not just trying to win a point or agrue ment for the sake of it.
Too often i find myself falling back into these behaviours and identifying them is the fisrt step to illiminating them. most of this list came from the orange papers ......
http://www.orange-papers.org/orange-propaganda.html
Tell The Truth (actually the best of the lot if you genuinly know your subject and have done your home work)
Lie ( a gamble this one if you get caught out you loose crediblity on the plus side it not as hard work as doing your home work)
Lie By Omission and Half-Truths (12 steps are proven to be the best at suporting abstinance, dont mention it kills 1 in ten )
Lie With Qualifiers (Rarely have we seen a person fail who thourouly folowed our path , my path is dont fail)
Lie With Statistics (99% of all herion addicts drank full fat milk at school prooving the link between milk and addiction)
Observational Selection (decide what you want to proove then collect only the evidence that supports it ignore everything else)
The Big Lie (that only god can cure your addiction there are many methods that work )
Reversal Of Reality (methadone kills people when it saves lives)
Make a Virtue out of a Fault ( no one has ever lodged a single complaint in any 12 step group , they have no complaints proceedure)
Unsupported Claims (havent done your home work then make up ahy old rubbish to suport your view)
Imaginary Evidence (as above make it up on the spot including the soursce most wont take the time to check)
Use Association (name drop mention all the groups your in charge your experience to justify that your right by association)
The Glittering Generality (allude to the perfect one size fits all treatment regime, all adddicts are lasy lieing work shy theives)
Exaggerate ( a major study concluded that this works on the twelve people we talked to)
Confusion of Correlation and Causation (of 10000 people who died 99% ate bananas if you eat bannanas for long enough they will kill you)
Hypnotic Bait and Switch ( leading questions setting you up for an ambush)
The Either/Or Technique -- Bifurcation -- the Excluded Middle ( it got to be harm reduction or abstinance no variables)
False Dichotomy
The Enemy Of My Enemy Is My Friend ( while 12 steppers and harm reduction organisation both want to stop the damage of adddiction it does not mean that either of them has the others best interests at heart)
"Hobson's Choice" or Alternative Advance (we have the only answer my way or die)
Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc -- "It happened after 'X', so it was caused by 'X'"
The Norm of Reciprocity
Guilt Induction
Play On Emotions, Appeal To Emotions
Ad Hominem, Launch Personal Attacks On Opponents
Engage in Name Calling
De-legitimize One's Opponent ( hes not a professional what does he know)
Apply Labels ( addicts junkies getting clean as oposed to being unclean)
Stroking Ploys ( ego enflation to get people to agree with you )
Blame A Scapegoat ( 12 steppers are the soursce of all evil harm redution mangers stop people getting well)
Blame A Non-Factor (back to the deadly bananas again)
Claim That There Is A Panacea ( rarely have we seen a person fail even with sucess rates less than 10% )
Flattery 9 more ego inflation to persude)
Proof by Anecdote ( in my experience does not equte to evidence)
Double-Talk
Unprovable Statements
Undisprovable Statements
The Language Trap ( semantics the tool of the psudo intelect argue over the minutea and ignore the substance if it suits)
Vague, Undefined, Grandiose Language ( addiction is a psudo psycosocial genetically based malady requiring a sinergetic non judgemental aproach facilitating enoursmouse phycic spiritually based sucessful aproach)
Loaded Language, Euphemisms, and Redefined Words
Use Self-Referential Definitions -- Define Something In Terms Of Itself
Deception Via Mislabeling or Misnaming Things
Misuse Words
Moving The Goalposts
Sliding Adjectives
Vague Adjectives
Pseudo-intellectual Bull
Confuse With Technicalese
Simplistic Slogans
Wrap Yourself In A Higher Power
Repeat Old Memes
Everybody's Doing It, Everybody Knows, and Everybody Says
Pomp, Ceremony, and Ritual
Humor and Ridicule
Assume The Major Premise
Petitio Principii, Assume Facts Not In Evidence
Hidden Assumptions
Assume Futures or Future Results
Fallacy of Presupposition
Affirmation of the Consequent
Irrelevant Conclusion (Ignoratio Elenchi)
Confusion of Beliefs with Facts
Circular Reasoning (Circulus in Demonstrando)
Appeal to Evil
Appeal to Higher Principles
Appeal to Authorities (Argumentum ad Verecundiam)
Appeal to Force (Argumentum ad Baculum)
Appeal to the People (Argumentum ad Populum)
Appeal to Numbers (Argumentum ad Numerum)
Dismiss by Numbers
Appeal to Antiquity (Argumentum ad Antiquitatem)
Appeal to Novelty -- Newness (Argumentum ad Novitatem)
Appeal to the Exotic
Appeal to Tradition
Appeal to Poverty (Argumentum ad Lazarum)
Appeal to Wealth (Argumentum ad Crumenam)
Appeal to Common Folk
Appeal To Stupidity
Appeal to Desperation
Appeal to Pity Ad Misericordiam
Exploit Wishful Thinking
It's Too Terrible To Tell
Argue from Adverse Consequences
Argue from Beneficial Consequences
Apply Time Pressure
The Real Scotsman Fallacy
Inconsistency
Compare Apples To Oranges
Special Pleading
Self-Sell
Repetition for Emphasis (Argumentum ad Nauseam)
Reification
Take Undeserved Credit
Create A Granfalloon
Spin Doctoring
The Semi-Attached Figure
Use Exact Numbers
Avoid Specific Numbers
Hide Behind Others
The Preacher's We
Put Words Into Other People's Mouths
Tokenism
Testimonials and Stories
The Fallacy of One Similarity
The Fallacy of One Dissimilarity
If It Looks Like X, Then It Is X.
It Ought To Be True, So It Is.
A Distinction Without A Difference.
Sly Suggestions
Misleading Inference
Unsubstantiated Inference and Groundless Claims
Introduce Irrelevant Information as Supporting Evidence
Substitute Feelings For Facts
False Analogy
False Equality
Double Bind
Project Future From Past
False Analysis Of History
It's Never Happened Before
Argue Inevitability
Pollyanna's Ploy -- Unbridled Optimism
Chicken Little's Pessimism
Generalize
Sweeping Generality
Take Quotes Out Of Context
Argue from Ignorance (Argumentum ad Ignorantiam)
Begging The Question
Meaningless Question
Blame The Victim
Claim to Have Special or Secret Knowledge
Bad Math
Use the Passive Voice
Use Slanted Language
Use Inflamatory Language
DEBATING TECHNIQUES:
Refute By Example
Refute By Exposing Contradiction
Minimization and Denial
Instant Denial
Understatement
Admit a Small Fault to Cover a Big Denial
False Comparison
Give a Non-reason Reason
Divert Attention -- Change the Subject
The Positive Accomplishments Sidestep
The Story Sourcing Distraction
The Drama Queen
The Personal Loyalty Red Herring
Deflect Criticism and Blame By Deligitimizing It
Answer A Question That Was Not Asked (To Avoid Answering One That Was Asked)
Answer a Question With A Question
Surfeit of Questions (Plurium Interrogationum)
Monopolizing the Question (Hypophora)
Obfuscate
Attack Without Appearing To Attack By Using Paralipsis or Apophasis)
Sarcasm, Condescension, and Patronizing Attitudes
Damn with Faint Praise
Reductio Ad Absurdum
Rationalize
Exchange A Term
Frame The Argument
Argue with Unrealistic Hypothetical Situations
Misrepresent Your Opponent's Position, or Mischaracterize Your Opponent, or Mischaracterize His Statements or Questions
Nit-Pick and Split Hairs
Quibble
Hit And Run
Hifalutin' Denunciations
Make Unreasonable Demands
Make False Demands
Shift the Burden of Proof Onto Your Opponent
Demand an Uneven Burden of Proof
Demand Uneven Standards of Acceptance
Specious Argument
Spurious Agreement
Escape via Ignorance
Escape to the Future
Escape via Relativism
Escape via Irrationality
Pack the House
Embarrass Your Opponent
Obtuseness -- Refuse to See the Point
Laugh It Off
Dominate the Conversation, Talk Non-Stop, and Interrupt Constantly
Escape via Bullying and Intimidation
the purpose of this list is two fold when dealing with political issues you wil come across all of these and the more aware you are the less efect they will have , the second is to remind my self as an addict i am an acomplished manipulator and have been using these tricks for along time but i believe they have no place in dicussions amongst people who are generally looking for solutions and not just trying to win a point or agrue ment for the sake of it.
Too often i find myself falling back into these behaviours and identifying them is the fisrt step to illiminating them. most of this list came from the orange papers ......
http://www.orange-papers.org/orange-propaganda.html
http://www.m-alliance.org.uk/forum/index.php?topic=930.0;wap2
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